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    <li><a href="../../ActionController/HttpAuthentication/Basic/ControllerMethods.html">ActionController::HttpAuthentication::Basic::ControllerMethods</a>
  
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    <li><a href="../../ActionView/ActionView.html">ActionView::ActionView</a>
  
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    <li><a href="../../ActionView/Helpers/AssetTagHelper/JavascriptTagHelpers/ClassMethods.html">ActionView::Helpers::AssetTagHelper::JavascriptTagHelpers::ClassMethods</a>
  
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    <li><a href="../../ActionView/Helpers/AssetTagHelper/StylesheetTagHelpers/ClassMethods.html">ActionView::Helpers::AssetTagHelper::StylesheetTagHelpers::ClassMethods</a>
  
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    <li><a href="../../ActionView/Helpers/AtomFeedHelper/AtomFeedBuilder.html">ActionView::Helpers::AtomFeedHelper::AtomFeedBuilder</a>
  
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<div id="documentation">
  <h1 class="class">class ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Chars</h1>

  <div id="description" class="description">
    
<p><a href="Chars.html">Chars</a> enables you to work transparently with UTF-8
encoding in the Ruby <a href="../../String.html">String</a> class without
having extensive knowledge about the encoding. A <a
href="Chars.html">Chars</a> object accepts a string upon initialization and
proxies <a href="../../String.html">String</a> methods in an encoding safe
manner. All the normal <a href="../../String.html">String</a> methods are
also implemented on the proxy.</p>

<p><a href="../../String.html">String</a> methods are proxied through the <a
href="Chars.html">Chars</a> object, and can be accessed through the
<code>mb_chars</code> method. Methods which would normally return a <a
href="../../String.html">String</a> object now return a <a
href="Chars.html">Chars</a> object so methods can be chained.</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">&quot;The Perfect String  &quot;</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">downcase</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">strip</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">normalize</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;the perfect string&quot;</span>
</pre>

<p><a href="Chars.html">Chars</a> objects are perfectly interchangeable with
<a href="../../String.html">String</a> objects as long as no explicit class
checks are made. If certain methods do explicitly check the class, call
<code>to_s</code> before you pass chars objects to them.</p>

<pre>bad.explicit_checking_method &quot;T&quot;.mb_chars.downcase.to_s</pre>

<p>The default <a href="Chars.html">Chars</a> implementation assumes that the
encoding of the string is UTF-8, if you want to handle different encodings
you can write your own multibyte string handler and configure it through <a
href="../Multibyte.html#method-c-proxy_class">ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class</a>.</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-keyword">class</span> <span class="ruby-constant">CharsForUTF32</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">size</span>
    <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">size</span> <span class="ruby-operator">/</span> <span class="ruby-value">4</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>

  <span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">accepts?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">string</span>)
    <span class="ruby-identifier">string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">length</span> <span class="ruby-operator">%</span> <span class="ruby-value">4</span> <span class="ruby-operator">==</span> <span class="ruby-value">0</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>

<span class="ruby-constant">ActiveSupport</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Multibyte</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">proxy_class</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">CharsForUTF32</span>
</pre>

  </div><!-- description -->

  
  
  
  <section id="5Buntitled-5D" class="documentation-section">
    

    

    

    
    <!-- Attributes -->
    <section id="attribute-method-details" class="method-section section">
      <h3 class="section-header">Attributes</h3>

      
      <div id="attribute-i-to_s" class="method-detail">
        <div class="method-heading attribute-method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">to_s</span><span
            class="attribute-access-type">[R]</span>
        </div>

        <div class="method-description">
        
        
        
        </div>
      </div>
      
      <div id="attribute-i-to_str" class="method-detail">
        <div class="method-heading attribute-method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">to_str</span><span
            class="attribute-access-type">[R]</span>
        </div>

        <div class="method-description">
        
        
        
        </div>
      </div>
      
      <div id="attribute-i-wrapped_string" class="method-detail">
        <div class="method-heading attribute-method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">wrapped_string</span><span
            class="attribute-access-type">[R]</span>
        </div>

        <div class="method-description">
        
        
        
        </div>
      </div>
      
    </section><!-- attribute-method-details -->
    

    <!-- Methods -->
    
     <section id="public-class-5Buntitled-5D-method-details" class="method-section section">
      <h3 class="section-header">Public Class Methods</h3>

    
      <div id="method-c-consumes-3F" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">consumes?</span><span
            class="method-args">(string)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Returns <code>true</code> when the proxy class can handle the string.
Returns <code>false</code> otherwise.</p>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="consumes-3F-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 75</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">consumes?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">string</span>)
  <span class="ruby-comment"># Unpack is a little bit faster than regular expressions.</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'U*'</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">true</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">rescue</span> <span class="ruby-constant">ArgumentError</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">false</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- consumes-3F-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- consumes-3F-method -->

    
      <div id="method-c-new" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">new</span><span
            class="method-args">(string)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Creates a new <a href="Chars.html">Chars</a> instance by wrapping
<em>string</em>.</p>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="new-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 42</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">initialize</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">string</span>)
  <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">string</span>
  <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">force_encoding</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Encoding</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">UTF_8</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword">unless</span> <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">frozen?</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- new-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- new-method -->

    
      <div id="method-c-wants-3F" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">wants?</span><span
            class="method-args">(string)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Returns <code>true</code> if the <a href="Chars.html">Chars</a> class can
and should act as a proxy for the string <em>string</em>. Returns
<code>false</code> otherwise.</p>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="wants-3F-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 99</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">wants?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">string</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">$KCODE</span> <span class="ruby-operator">==</span> <span class="ruby-string">'UTF8'</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">consumes?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">string</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- wants-3F-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- wants-3F-method -->

    
    </section><!-- public-class-method-details -->
  
     <section id="public-instance-5Buntitled-5D-method-details" class="method-section section">
      <h3 class="section-header">Public Instance Methods</h3>

    
      <div id="method-i-2B" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">+</span><span
            class="method-args">(other)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Returns a new <a href="Chars.html">Chars</a> object containing the
<em>other</em> object concatenated to the string.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby">(<span class="ruby-string">'Café'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span> <span class="ruby-operator">+</span> <span class="ruby-string">' périferôl'</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;Café périferôl&quot;</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="2B-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 107</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-operator">+</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">other</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span> <span class="ruby-operator">+</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">other</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- 2B-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- 2B-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-3C-3D-3E" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">&lt;=&gt;</span><span
            class="method-args">(other)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Returns -1, 0, or 1, depending on whether the <a
href="Chars.html">Chars</a> object is to be sorted before, equal or after
the object on the right side of the operation. It accepts any object that
implements <code>to_s</code>:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'é'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&lt;=&gt;</span> <span class="ruby-string">'ü'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; -1</span>
</pre>

<p>See <code>String#&lt;=&gt;</code> for more details.</p>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="3C-3D-3E-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 92</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&lt;=&gt;</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">other</span>)
  <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&lt;=&gt;</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">other</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- 3C-3D-3E-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- 3C-3D-3E-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-3D-7E" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">=~</span><span
            class="method-args">(other)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Like <code>String#=~</code> only it returns the character offset (in
codepoints) instead of the byte offset.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'Café périferôl'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span> <span class="ruby-operator">=~</span> <span class="ruby-regexp">%rô/</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; 12</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="3D-7E-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 115</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-operator">=~</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">other</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">translate_offset</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span> <span class="ruby-operator">=~</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">other</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- 3D-7E-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- 3D-7E-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-5B-5D" class="method-detail method-alias">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">[]</span><span
            class="method-args">(*args)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          
          

          
        </div>

        

        
        <div class="aliases">
          Alias for: <a href="Chars.html#method-i-slice">slice</a>
        </div>
        
      </div><!-- 5B-5D-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-5B-5D-3D" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">[]=</span><span
            class="method-args">(*args)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Like <code>String#[]=</code>, except instead of byte offsets you specify
character offsets.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-identifier">s</span> = <span class="ruby-string">&quot;Müller&quot;</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">s</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>[<span class="ruby-value">2</span>] = <span class="ruby-string">&quot;e&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># Replace character with offset 2</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">s</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;Müeler&quot;</span>

<span class="ruby-identifier">s</span> = <span class="ruby-string">&quot;Müller&quot;</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">s</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>[<span class="ruby-value">1</span>, <span class="ruby-value">2</span>] = <span class="ruby-string">&quot;ö&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># Replace 2 characters at character offset 1</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">s</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;Möler&quot;</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="5B-5D-3D-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 265</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-operator">[]=</span>(*<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">replace_by</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">pop</span>
  <span class="ruby-comment"># Indexed replace with regular expressions already works</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">first</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">is_a?</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Regexp</span>)
    <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>[*<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>] = <span class="ruby-identifier">replace_by</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">else</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">result</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>)
    <span class="ruby-keyword">case</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">first</span>
    <span class="ruby-keyword">when</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Fixnum</span>
      <span class="ruby-identifier">raise</span> <span class="ruby-constant">IndexError</span>, <span class="ruby-node">&quot;index #{args[0]} out of string&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>[<span class="ruby-value">0</span>] <span class="ruby-operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">result</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">length</span>
      <span class="ruby-identifier">min</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>[<span class="ruby-value">0</span>]
      <span class="ruby-identifier">max</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>[<span class="ruby-value">1</span>].<span class="ruby-identifier">nil?</span> <span class="ruby-operator">?</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">min</span> <span class="ruby-operator">:</span> (<span class="ruby-identifier">min</span> <span class="ruby-operator">+</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>[<span class="ruby-value">1</span>] <span class="ruby-operator">-</span> <span class="ruby-value">1</span>)
      <span class="ruby-identifier">range</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Range</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">min</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">max</span>)
      <span class="ruby-identifier">replace_by</span> = [<span class="ruby-identifier">replace_by</span>].<span class="ruby-identifier">pack</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'U'</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">replace_by</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">is_a?</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Fixnum</span>)
    <span class="ruby-keyword">when</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Range</span>
      <span class="ruby-identifier">raise</span> <span class="ruby-constant">RangeError</span>, <span class="ruby-node">&quot;#{args[0]} out of range&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>[<span class="ruby-value">0</span>].<span class="ruby-identifier">min</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">result</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">length</span>
      <span class="ruby-identifier">range</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>[<span class="ruby-value">0</span>]
    <span class="ruby-keyword">else</span>
      <span class="ruby-identifier">needle</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>[<span class="ruby-value">0</span>].<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span>
      <span class="ruby-identifier">min</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">index</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">needle</span>)
      <span class="ruby-identifier">max</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">min</span> <span class="ruby-operator">+</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">needle</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">length</span> <span class="ruby-operator">-</span> <span class="ruby-value">1</span>
      <span class="ruby-identifier">range</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Range</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">min</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">max</span>)
    <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">result</span>[<span class="ruby-identifier">range</span>] = <span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">replace_by</span>)
    <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">replace</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">result</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">pack</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'U*'</span>))
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- 5B-5D-3D-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- 5B-5D-3D-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-acts_like_string-3F" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">acts_like_string?</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Enable more predictable duck-typing on String-like classes. See <a
href="../../Object.html#method-i-acts_like-3F">Object#acts_like?</a>.</p>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="acts_like_string-3F-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 70</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">acts_like_string?</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">true</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- acts_like_string-3F-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- acts_like_string-3F-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-capitalize" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">capitalize</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Converts the first character to uppercase and the remainder to lowercase.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'über'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">capitalize</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;Über&quot;</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="capitalize-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 358</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">capitalize</span>
  (<span class="ruby-identifier">slice</span>(<span class="ruby-value">0</span>) <span class="ruby-operator">||</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-string">''</span>)).<span class="ruby-identifier">upcase</span> <span class="ruby-operator">+</span> (<span class="ruby-identifier">slice</span>(<span class="ruby-value">1</span><span class="ruby-operator">..</span><span class="ruby-value">-1</span>) <span class="ruby-operator">||</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-string">''</span>)).<span class="ruby-identifier">downcase</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- capitalize-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- capitalize-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-center" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">center</span><span
            class="method-args">(integer, padstr=' ')</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Works just like <code>String#center</code>, only integer specifies
characters instead of bytes.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">&quot;¾ cup&quot;</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">center</span>(<span class="ruby-value">8</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot; ¾ cup  &quot;</span>

<span class="ruby-string">&quot;¾ cup&quot;</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">center</span>(<span class="ruby-value">8</span>, <span class="ruby-string">&quot; &quot;</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># Use non-breaking whitespace</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot; ¾ cup  &quot;</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="center-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 233</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">center</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">integer</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">padstr</span>=<span class="ruby-string">' '</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">justify</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">integer</span>, <span class="ruby-value">:center</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">padstr</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- center-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- center-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-compose" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">compose</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Performs composition on all the characters.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'é'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">length</span>                       <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; 3</span>
<span class="ruby-string">'é'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">compose</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">length</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; 2</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="compose-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 396</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">compose</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">compose_codepoints</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>)).<span class="ruby-identifier">pack</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'U*'</span>))
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- compose-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- compose-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-decompose" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">decompose</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Performs canonical decomposition on all the characters.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'é'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">length</span>                         <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; 2</span>
<span class="ruby-string">'é'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">decompose</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">length</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; 3</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="decompose-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 387</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">decompose</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">decompose_codepoints</span>(<span class="ruby-value">:canonical</span>, <span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>)).<span class="ruby-identifier">pack</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'U*'</span>))
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- decompose-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- decompose-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-downcase" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">downcase</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Convert characters in the string to lowercase.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'VĚDA A VÝZKUM'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">downcase</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;věda a výzkum&quot;</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="downcase-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 350</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">downcase</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">apply_mapping</span> <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>, <span class="ruby-value">:lowercase_mapping</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- downcase-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- downcase-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-g_length" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">g_length</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Returns the number of grapheme clusters in the string.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'क्षि'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">length</span>   <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; 4</span>
<span class="ruby-string">'क्षि'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">g_length</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; 3</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="g_length-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 405</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">g_length</span>
  <span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">g_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">length</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- g_length-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- g_length-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-include-3F" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">include?</span><span
            class="method-args">(other)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Returns <code>true</code> if contained string contains <em>other</em>.
Returns <code>false</code> otherwise.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'Café'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">include?</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'é'</span>) <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; true</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="include-3F-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 139</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">include?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">other</span>)
  <span class="ruby-comment"># We have to redefine this method because Enumerable defines it.</span>
  <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">include?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">other</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- include-3F-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- include-3F-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-index" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">index</span><span
            class="method-args">(needle, offset=0)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Returns the position <em>needle</em> in the string, counting in codepoints.
Returns <code>nil</code> if <em>needle</em> isn’t found.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'Café périferôl'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">index</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'ô'</span>)   <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; 12</span>
<span class="ruby-string">'Café périferôl'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">index</span>(<span class="ruby-regexp">%r\w/</span>) <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; 0</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="index-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 149</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">index</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">needle</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">offset</span>=<span class="ruby-value">0</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">wrapped_offset</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">first</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">offset</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">length</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">index</span> = <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">index</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">needle</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">wrapped_offset</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">index</span> <span class="ruby-operator">?</span> (<span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">slice</span>(<span class="ruby-value">0</span><span class="ruby-operator">...</span><span class="ruby-identifier">index</span>)).<span class="ruby-identifier">size</span>) <span class="ruby-operator">:</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- index-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- index-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-insert" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">insert</span><span
            class="method-args">(offset, fragment)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Inserts the passed string at specified codepoint offsets.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'Café'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">insert</span>(<span class="ruby-value">4</span>, <span class="ruby-string">' périferôl'</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;Café périferôl&quot;</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="insert-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 123</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">insert</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">offset</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">fragment</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">unpacked</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">unless</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">offset</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&gt;</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">unpacked</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">length</span>
    <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">replace</span>(
      <span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">insert</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">offset</span>, *<span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">fragment</span>)).<span class="ruby-identifier">pack</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'U*'</span>)
    )
  <span class="ruby-keyword">else</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">raise</span> <span class="ruby-constant">IndexError</span>, <span class="ruby-node">&quot;index #{offset} out of string&quot;</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">self</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- insert-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- insert-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-limit" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">limit</span><span
            class="method-args">(limit)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Limit the byte size of the string to a number of bytes without breaking
characters. Usable when the storage for a string is limited for some
reason.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'こんにちは'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">limit</span>(<span class="ruby-value">7</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;こん&quot;</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="limit-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 334</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">limit</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">limit</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">slice</span>(<span class="ruby-value">0</span><span class="ruby-operator">...</span><span class="ruby-identifier">translate_offset</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">limit</span>))
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- limit-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- limit-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-ljust" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">ljust</span><span
            class="method-args">(integer, padstr=' ')</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Works just like <code>String#ljust</code>, only integer specifies
characters instead of bytes.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">&quot;¾ cup&quot;</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">rjust</span>(<span class="ruby-value">8</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;¾ cup   &quot;</span>

<span class="ruby-string">&quot;¾ cup&quot;</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">rjust</span>(<span class="ruby-value">8</span>, <span class="ruby-string">&quot; &quot;</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># Use non-breaking whitespace</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;¾ cup   &quot;</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="ljust-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 220</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">ljust</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">integer</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">padstr</span>=<span class="ruby-string">' '</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">justify</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">integer</span>, <span class="ruby-value">:left</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">padstr</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- ljust-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- ljust-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-lstrip" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">lstrip</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Strips entire range of <a href="Unicode.html">Unicode</a> whitespace from
the left of the string.</p>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="lstrip-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 181</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">lstrip</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">gsub</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">LEADERS_PAT</span>, <span class="ruby-string">''</span>))
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- lstrip-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- lstrip-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-method_missing" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">method_missing</span><span
            class="method-args">(method, *args, &block)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Forward all undefined methods to the wrapped string.</p>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="method_missing-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 53</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">method_missing</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">method</span>, *<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>, &amp;<span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">method</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span> <span class="ruby-operator">=~</span> <span class="ruby-regexp">%r!$/</span>
    <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">__send__</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">method</span>, *<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>, &amp;<span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>)
    <span class="ruby-keyword">self</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">else</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">result</span> = <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">__send__</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">method</span>, *<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>, &amp;<span class="ruby-identifier">block</span>)
    <span class="ruby-identifier">result</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">kind_of?</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">String</span>) <span class="ruby-operator">?</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">result</span>) <span class="ruby-operator">:</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">result</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- method_missing-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- method_missing-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-normalize" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">normalize</span><span
            class="method-args">(form = nil)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Returns the KC normalization of the string by default. NFKC is considered
the best normalization form for passing strings to databases and
validations.</p>
<ul><li>
<p><code>form</code> - The form you want to normalize in. Should be one of the
following: <code>:c</code>, <code>:kc</code>, <code>:d</code>, or
<code>:kd</code>. Default is <a
href="Unicode.html#attribute-i-default_normalization_form">ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Unicode#default_normalization_form</a></p>
</li></ul>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="normalize-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 378</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">normalize</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">form</span> = <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">normalize</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">form</span>))
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- normalize-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- normalize-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-ord" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">ord</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Returns the codepoint of the first character in the string.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'こんにちは'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">ord</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; 12371</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="ord-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 194</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">ord</span>
  <span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>)[<span class="ruby-value">0</span>]
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- ord-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- ord-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-respond_to-3F" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">respond_to?</span><span
            class="method-args">(method, include_private=false)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Returns <code>true</code> if <em>obj</em> responds to the given method.
Private methods are included in the search only if the optional second
parameter evaluates to <code>true</code>.</p>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="respond_to-3F-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 65</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">respond_to?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">method</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">include_private</span>=<span class="ruby-keyword">false</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">super</span> <span class="ruby-operator">||</span> <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">respond_to?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">method</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">include_private</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- respond_to-3F-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- respond_to-3F-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-reverse" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">reverse</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Reverses all characters in the string.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'Café'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">reverse</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; 'éfaC'</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="reverse-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 297</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">reverse</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">g_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">reverse</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">flatten</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">pack</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'U*'</span>))
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- reverse-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- reverse-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-rindex" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">rindex</span><span
            class="method-args">(needle, offset=nil)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Returns the position <em>needle</em> in the string, counting in codepoints,
searching backward from <em>offset</em> or the end of the string. Returns
<code>nil</code> if <em>needle</em> isn’t found.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'Café périferôl'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">rindex</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'é'</span>)   <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; 6</span>
<span class="ruby-string">'Café périferôl'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">rindex</span>(<span class="ruby-regexp">%r\w/</span>) <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; 13</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="rindex-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 162</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">rindex</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">needle</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">offset</span>=<span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">offset</span> <span class="ruby-operator">||=</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">length</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">wrapped_offset</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">first</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">offset</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">length</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">index</span> = <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">rindex</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">needle</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">wrapped_offset</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">index</span> <span class="ruby-operator">?</span> (<span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">slice</span>(<span class="ruby-value">0</span><span class="ruby-operator">...</span><span class="ruby-identifier">index</span>)).<span class="ruby-identifier">size</span>) <span class="ruby-operator">:</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- rindex-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- rindex-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-rjust" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">rjust</span><span
            class="method-args">(integer, padstr=' ')</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Works just like <code>String#rjust</code>, only integer specifies
characters instead of bytes.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">&quot;¾ cup&quot;</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">rjust</span>(<span class="ruby-value">8</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;   ¾ cup&quot;</span>

<span class="ruby-string">&quot;¾ cup&quot;</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">rjust</span>(<span class="ruby-value">8</span>, <span class="ruby-string">&quot; &quot;</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># Use non-breaking whitespace</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;   ¾ cup&quot;</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="rjust-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 207</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">rjust</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">integer</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">padstr</span>=<span class="ruby-string">' '</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">justify</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">integer</span>, <span class="ruby-value">:right</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">padstr</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- rjust-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- rjust-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-rstrip" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">rstrip</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Strips entire range of <a href="Unicode.html">Unicode</a> whitespace from
the right of the string.</p>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="rstrip-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 176</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">rstrip</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">gsub</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">TRAILERS_PAT</span>, <span class="ruby-string">''</span>))
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- rstrip-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- rstrip-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-size" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">size</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Returns the number of codepoints in the string</p>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="size-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 170</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">size</span>
  <span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">size</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- size-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- size-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-slice" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">slice</span><span
            class="method-args">(*args)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Implements Unicode-aware slice with codepoints. Slicing on one point
returns the codepoints for that character.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'こんにちは'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">slice</span>(<span class="ruby-value">2</span><span class="ruby-operator">..</span><span class="ruby-value">3</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;にち&quot;</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="slice-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 306</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">slice</span>(*<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">size</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&gt;</span> <span class="ruby-value">2</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">raise</span> <span class="ruby-constant">ArgumentError</span>, <span class="ruby-node">&quot;wrong number of arguments (#{args.size} for 1)&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># Do as if we were native</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">elsif</span> (<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">size</span> <span class="ruby-operator">==</span> <span class="ruby-value">2</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="ruby-operator">!</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">first</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">is_a?</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Numeric</span>) <span class="ruby-operator">||</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">first</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">is_a?</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Regexp</span>)))
    <span class="ruby-identifier">raise</span> <span class="ruby-constant">TypeError</span>, <span class="ruby-node">&quot;cannot convert #{args.first.class} into Integer&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># Do as if we were native</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">elsif</span> (<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">size</span> <span class="ruby-operator">==</span> <span class="ruby-value">2</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="ruby-operator">!</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>[<span class="ruby-value">1</span>].<span class="ruby-identifier">is_a?</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Numeric</span>))
    <span class="ruby-identifier">raise</span> <span class="ruby-constant">TypeError</span>, <span class="ruby-node">&quot;cannot convert #{args[1].class} into Integer&quot;</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># Do as if we were native</span>
  <span class="ruby-keyword">elsif</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>[<span class="ruby-value">0</span>].<span class="ruby-identifier">kind_of?</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Range</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">cps</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">slice</span>(*<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>)
    <span class="ruby-identifier">result</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">cps</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">nil?</span> <span class="ruby-operator">?</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span> <span class="ruby-operator">:</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cps</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">pack</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'U*'</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">elsif</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>[<span class="ruby-value">0</span>].<span class="ruby-identifier">kind_of?</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Regexp</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">result</span> = <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">slice</span>(*<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">elsif</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">size</span> <span class="ruby-operator">==</span> <span class="ruby-value">1</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>[<span class="ruby-value">0</span>].<span class="ruby-identifier">kind_of?</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Numeric</span>)
    <span class="ruby-identifier">character</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>)[<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>[<span class="ruby-value">0</span>]]
    <span class="ruby-identifier">result</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">character</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;&amp;</span> [<span class="ruby-identifier">character</span>].<span class="ruby-identifier">pack</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'U'</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">else</span>
    <span class="ruby-identifier">cps</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">u_unpack</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">slice</span>(*<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>)
    <span class="ruby-identifier">result</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">cps</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cps</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">pack</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'U*'</span>)
  <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">result</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">result</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- slice-source -->
          
        </div>

        
        <div class="aliases">
          Also aliased as: <a href="Chars.html#method-i-5B-5D">[]</a>
        </div>
        

        
      </div><!-- slice-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-split" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">split</span><span
            class="method-args">(*args)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Works just like <code>String#split</code>, with the exception that the
items in the resulting list are <a href="Chars.html">Chars</a> instances
instead of <a href="../../String.html">String</a>. This makes chaining
methods easier.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'Café périferôl'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">split</span>(<span class="ruby-regexp">%ré/</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">map</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">part</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">part</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">upcase</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span> } <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; [&quot;CAF&quot;, &quot; P&quot;, &quot;RIFERÔL&quot;]</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="split-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 248</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">split</span>(*<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>)
  <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">split</span>(*<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">map</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">i</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">i</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span> }
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- split-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- split-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-strip" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">strip</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Strips entire range of <a href="Unicode.html">Unicode</a> whitespace from
the right and left of the string.</p>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="strip-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 186</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">strip</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">rstrip</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">lstrip</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- strip-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- strip-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-tidy_bytes" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">tidy_bytes</span><span
            class="method-args">(force = false)</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Replaces all ISO-8859-1 or CP1252 characters by their UTF-8 equivalent
resulting in a valid UTF-8 string.</p>

<p>Passing <code>true</code> will forcibly tidy all bytes, assuming that the
string’s encoding is entirely CP1252 or ISO-8859-1.</p>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="tidy_bytes-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 412</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">tidy_bytes</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">force</span> = <span class="ruby-keyword">false</span>)
  <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">tidy_bytes</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">force</span>))
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- tidy_bytes-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- tidy_bytes-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-titlecase" class="method-detail method-alias">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">titlecase</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          
          

          
        </div>

        

        
        <div class="aliases">
          Alias for: <a href="Chars.html#method-i-titleize">titleize</a>
        </div>
        
      </div><!-- titlecase-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-titleize" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">titleize</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Capitalizes the first letter of every word, when possible.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">&quot;ÉL QUE SE ENTERÓ&quot;</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">titleize</span>    <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;Él Que Se Enteró&quot;</span>
<span class="ruby-string">&quot;日本語&quot;</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">titleize</span>                 <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;日本語&quot;</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="titleize-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 367</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">titleize</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">downcase</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">gsub</span>(<span class="ruby-regexp">%r\b('?[\S])/</span>) { <span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">apply_mapping</span> <span class="ruby-node">$1</span>, <span class="ruby-value">:uppercase_mapping</span> })
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- titleize-source -->
          
        </div>

        
        <div class="aliases">
          Also aliased as: <a href="Chars.html#method-i-titlecase">titlecase</a>
        </div>
        

        
      </div><!-- titleize-method -->

    
      <div id="method-i-upcase" class="method-detail ">
        
        <div class="method-heading">
          <span class="method-name">upcase</span><span
            class="method-args">()</span>
          <span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
        </div>
        

        <div class="method-description">
          
          <p>Convert characters in the string to uppercase.</p>

<p>Example:</p>

<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-string">'Laurent, où sont les tests ?'</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">mb_chars</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">upcase</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_s</span> <span class="ruby-comment"># =&gt; &quot;LAURENT, OÙ SONT LES TESTS ?&quot;</span>
</pre>
          

          
          <div class="method-source-code" id="upcase-source">
            <pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-3.2.7/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb, line 342</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">upcase</span>
  <span class="ruby-identifier">chars</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">Unicode</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">apply_mapping</span> <span class="ruby-ivar">@wrapped_string</span>, <span class="ruby-value">:uppercase_mapping</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
          </div><!-- upcase-source -->
          
        </div>

        

        
      </div><!-- upcase-method -->

    
    </section><!-- public-instance-method-details -->
  
  </section><!-- 5Buntitled-5D -->

</div><!-- documentation -->


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